What distinguishes a voluntary lien from an involuntary lien?

A voluntary lien is characterized by the owner’s consent, which is essential to its establishment. This type of lien typically arises when the property owner agrees to use their property as collateral for a loan, such as in a mortgage or a home equity line of credit. The owner's voluntary action and agreement enable this lien to be placed on the property, reflecting their acceptance of the terms associated with the financial obligation.

In contrast, an involuntary lien does not require the property owner's consent; rather, it is placed on the property by a third party, often due to legal reasons, such as unpaid debts or taxes. Understanding this fundamental distinction helps clarify how and why different types of liens can be applied to a property, with consent playing a crucial role in the creation of voluntary liens.